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Philographics: Big Ideas In Simple Shapes By Genís Carreras

Cynism — the lack of belief in selfless or sincere human qualities, such as altruism, honesty or virtue, believing instead that people are driven only by self-interest.

Determinism — Events within a given paradigm are bound by causality in such a way that any state of an object or event is determined by prior states. Every type of event, including human cognition (behavior, decision, and action) is causally determined by previous events                                                           

Emotivism — The assertion that all individual ethical judgements are purely expressions of one’s own attitude intended to change the actions or attitudes of others.                                                                                                                

Empiricism — Knowledge arises from evidence gathered via sense experience. Empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or tradition.     

Eternalism — The philosophical position that time is just another dimension, that future events already exist, and that all points in time.

Epiphenomenalism — The view that physical events have effects on mental processes, but that mental processes have no physical effects whatsoever.

Finalism — is the assertion that any event is defined by a pre-set final outcome, and that all events leading up to that outcome are shaped by it.

Hedonism — Pleasure is the only intrinsic good. Actions can be evaluated in terms of how much pleasure they produce. In very simple terms, a hedonist strives to maximize the pleasure and minimize the pain.                                      

Historism — The theory that to understand a historical event, you must understand the philosophical context that it took place in, rather than explain it with supposedly timeless or fundamental ideas.                                  

Objectivism — In ethics, the belief that certain acts are objectively right or wrong.                                                                                                                                                                                            

December 2019

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